Vol 4: The North and Scotland: the thoroughbred was effectively created largely in Yorkshire and many of the early meetings there reflected that, but the large industrial towns of Yorkshire and Lancashire put on many major and minor fixtures, at and around Manchester and in the West Riding particularly. There were also many meetings in the contrastingly beautiful wildness of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland. Scotland had its own centre of breeding in the Borders, but meetings were held over all the country except the north-west, many of character and longevity – 75 in all.